In Kohlberg's theory, which level is characterized by obeying rules to avoid punishment?

In Kohlberg's theory, which level is characterized by obeying rules to avoid punishment?

• A. Conventional
• B. Preconventional
• C. Postconventional
• D. Autonomous morality

Answer: (B)

Moral reasoning development proceeds in levels. In Kohlberg's scheme, the early level is Preconventional, where judgment is rooted in avoiding punishment and obeying authority. This stage—obedience to authority to escape negative consequences—drives decisions before one considers social rules or universal ethical principles. As reasoning matures, the Conventional level focuses on conforming to norms and maintaining social order, and the Postconventional level centers on universal principles. So obeying rules to avoid punishment is a hallmark of the Preconventional level.

Moral reasoning development proceeds in levels. In Kohlberg's scheme, the early level is Preconventional, where judgment is rooted in avoiding punishment and obeying authority. This stage—obedience to authority to escape negative consequences—drives decisions before one considers social rules or universal ethical principles. As reasoning matures, the Conventional level focuses on conforming to norms and maintaining social order, and the Postconventional level centers on universal principles. So obeying rules to avoid punishment is a hallmark of the Preconventional level.